To regex/php, æ is as much of a unicode character as ^. Your best bet it to make a blacklist, and simply replace with that. (preg_replace("/[!\"#¤%&\(\)=/]+", "", $search);).
The first is the alphanumeric group, and the second the combining diacritical marks: the accents. The latter should not be forgotten because one can write ĉ as one Unicode point c-circumflex, but also as 'c' followed by a combining circumflex ^ (zero width, here represented by the normal circumflex). In some languages there are more than one marks to a base letter.
æis as much of a unicode character as^. Your best bet it to make a blacklist, and simply replace with that. (preg_replace("/[!\"#¤%&\(\)=/]+", "", $search);).