Time difference in rspec

This is a fascinating problem!

First, this has nothing to do with Timecop or RSpec. The problem can be reproduced in the Rails console, as follows:

2.0.0-p247 :001 > 2.months.ago => Mon, 30 Jun 2014 20:46:19 UTC +00:00 2.0.0-p247 :002 > 2.months.send(:ago) DEPRECATION WARNING: Calling #ago or #until on a number (e.g. 5.ago) is deprecated and will be removed in the future, use 5.seconds.ago instead. (called from irb_binding at (irb):2) => Wed, 02 Jul 2014 20:46:27 UTC +00:00 

[Note: This answer uses the example of months, but the same is true for the alias month as well as year and years.]

Rails adds the month method to the Integer class, returning an ActiveSupport::Duration object, which is a "proxy object" containing a method_missing method which redirects any calls to the method_missing method of the "value" it is serving as a proxy for.

When you call ago directly, it's handled by the ago method in the Duration class itself. When you try to invoke ago via send, however, send is not defined in Duration and is not defined in the BasicObject that all proxy objects inherit from, so the method_missing method of Rails' Duration is invoked which in turn calls send on the integer "value" of the proxy, resulting in the invocation of ago in Numeric. In your case, this results in a change of date equal to 2*30 days.

The only methods you have to work with are those defined by Duration itself and those defined by BasicObject. The latter are as follows:

2.0.0-p247 :023 > BasicObject.instance_methods => [:==, :equal?, :!, :!=, :instance_eval, :instance_exec, :__send__, :__id__] 

In addition to the instance_eval you discovered, you can use __send__.

Here's the definition of method_missing from duration.rb

 def method_missing(method, *args, &block) #:nodoc: value.send(method, *args, &block) end 

value in this case refers to the number of seconds in the Duration object. If you redefine method_missing to special case ago, you can get your test to pass. Or you can alias send to __send__ as follows:

class ActiveSupport::Duration alias send __send__ end 

Here's another example of how this method_missing method from Duration works:

macbookair1:so1 palfvin$ rails c Loading development environment (Rails 4.1.1) irb: warn: can't alias context from irb_context. 2.0.0-p247 :001 > class ActiveSupport::Duration 2.0.0-p247 :002?> def foo 2.0.0-p247 :003?> 'foobar' 2.0.0-p247 :004?> end 2.0.0-p247 :005?> end => nil 2.0.0-p247 :006 > 2.months.foo => "foobar" 2.0.0-p247 :007 > 2.months.respond_to?(:foo) => false 2.0.0-p247 :008 > 

You can call the newly defined foo directly, but because BasicObject doesn't implement respond_to?, you can't "test" that the method is defined there. For the same reason, method(:ago) on a Duration object returns #<Method: Fixnum(Numeric)#ago> because that's the ago method defined on value.