First of all,
Does your custom permission configure crtib configurator is defined in a permissions.yml file ? And did you give this permission to your user ?
Where is your config/install settings file ? In your case your crtib_configurator.settings.yml ? Did you miss it ?
These files are not mandatory by default in Drupal 8, but are required once we want to make your configuration translatable.
I would suggest you this 2 articles:
Update - With Review of Google Drive Files
config folder should be placed in the root of your module not in src; crtib_configurator.links.task.yml use a wrong route_name crtib_configurator.api_settings_translate, it should be crtib_configurator.api_settings.
Apply those 2 changes & clear your cache, you will then be able to use the translations form properly.
I think the main & initial error was the config folder location.
Directory structure:
. +-- crtib_configurator | +-- config | | +-- install | | | +-- crtib_configurator.api.yml | | +-- schema | | | +-- crtib_configurator.schema.yml | +-- src | | +-- Form | | | +-- SettingsForm.php | +-- crtib_configurator.config_translation.yml | +-- crtib_configurator.info.yml | +-- crtib_configurator.links.menu.yml | +-- crtib_configurator.links.task.yml | +-- crtib_configurator.permissions.yml | +-- crtib_configurator.routing.yml
Content of crtib_configurator.links.task.yml:
crtib_configurator.api_settings: route_name: crtib_configurator.api_settings title: 'CRTIB configurator settings' base_route: crtib_configurator.api_settings