I'm using androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner as my testInstrumentationRunner from androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:runner:1.2.0'. Also, I annotated my test with androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4 using the syntax @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
Suddenly I started getting the following error when I try to run ./gradlew connectedAndroidTest across all device types and emulators that I could try.
java.lang.RuntimeException: Delegate runner 'androidx.test.internal.runner.junit4.AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner' for AndroidJUnit4 could not be loaded. at androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4.throwInitializationError(AndroidJUnit4.java:92) at androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4.loadRunner(AndroidJUnit4.java:82) at androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4.loadRunner(AndroidJUnit4.java:51) at androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4.<init>(AndroidJUnit4.java:46) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance0(Native Method) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:334) at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:104) at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:86) at androidx.test.internal.runner.junit4.AndroidAnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AndroidAnnotatedBuilder.java:63) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59) at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26) at androidx.test.internal.runner.AndroidRunnerBuilder.runnerForClass(AndroidRunnerBuilder.java:153) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59) at androidx.test.internal.runner.TestLoader.doCreateRunner(TestLoader.java:73) at androidx.test.internal.runner.TestLoader.getRunnersFor(TestLoader.java:104) at androidx.test.internal.runner.TestRequestBuilder.build(TestRequestBuilder.java:793) at androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.buildRequest(AndroidJUnitRunner.java:547) at androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner.onStart(AndroidJUnitRunner.java:390) at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:2074) Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance0(Native Method) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:334) at androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4.loadRunner(AndroidJUnit4.java:72) ... 17 more Caused by: org.junit.runners.model.InitializationError at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.validate(ParentRunner.java:418) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.<init>(ParentRunner.java:84) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.<init>(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:65) at androidx.test.internal.runner.junit4.AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner.<init>(AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner.java:43) at androidx.test.internal.runner.junit4.AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner.<init>(AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner.java:48) ... 20 more A similar stack trace is in Delegate runner 'androidx.test.internal.runner.junit4.AndroidJUnit4ClassRunner' for AndroidJUnit4 could not be loaded but the author seems to be asking about converting Java to Kotlin, which is not relevant to my question.
