You need to change the CC compile go uses during your builds.
go env CC clang
which most likely uses the version in /usr/bin/clang
if you have Xcode installed - or really just the Command Line Tools you can see a variety of versions for the last few major releases e.g.:
$ find /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools -name clang /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/clang /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/clang /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/swift/clang /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.sdk/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/GPUCompiler.framework/Versions/A/lib/clang /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX11.0.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenCL.framework/Versions/A/lib/clang /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/GPUCompiler.framework/Versions/A/lib/clang /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX10.14.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenCL.framework/Versions/A/lib/clang /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/GPUCompiler.framework/Versions/A/lib/clang /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenCL.framework/Versions/A/lib/clang
so to build against an older SDK like MaxOSX10.15, set CC to the explicit version you need for your go build like so:
CC=/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenCL.framework/Versions/A/lib/clang go build