How to properly link an installed library to the CMake in Windows?

Question

I have a CMake project that uses mosquittopp. It is properly running on Linux without needing any additional configurations (i.e. #include <mosquittopp.h> works without target_include_directories; and libraries are linked without find_library)

However, when I try the same on Windows, I am constantly having undefined reference problems. Here is the minimal reproducible example:

Install mosquitto to the system; Here are some files from C:/Program Files/mosquitto:

├── libcrypto.dll ├── libssl.dll ├── mosquitto.dll ├── mosquitto.exe ├── mosquittopp.dll ├── devel │   ├── mosquitto.h │   ├── mosquitto.lib │   ├── mosquittopp.h │   └── mosquittopp.lib

Write and save the following to main.cpp:

#include <iostream> #include <mosquittopp.h> int main() { std::cout << "hello world"; mosqpp::lib_init(); return 0; }

Create the following CMakeLists.txt file:

111

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15) project(sandbox LANGUAGES CXX) add_executable(MainFile main.cpp) target_include_directories(MainFile PUBLIC "C:/Program Files/mosquitto/devel") target_link_libraries(MainFile "C:/Program Files/mosquitto/devel/mosquittopp.lib") set_property(TARGET MainFile PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD 17) set_property(TARGET MainFile PROPERTY CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED On) set_property(TARGET MainFile PROPERTY CXX_EXTENSIONS Off)

I tried to use different combinations of find_library(), absolute paths, adding and removing dll files, adding all lib files but to no avail.

EDIT: The error message in this example is:

[build] C:/Users/myuser/OneDrive/Desktop/test/main.cpp:6: undefined reference to `__imp__ZN6mosqpp8lib_initEv' [build] collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status [build] mingw32-make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles\MainFile.dir\build.make:101: MainFile.exe] Error 1 [build] mingw32-make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles\Makefile2:82: CMakeFiles/MainFile.dir/all] Error 2 [build] mingw32-make: *** [Makefile:90: all] Error 2

this is a minimal reproducible example, but the similar errors arise in the full project as well.

There are two .lib files. Perhaps you need to link with both? — Some programmer dude
– Some programmer dude, Commented Jan 2, 2023 at 6:07
I've quickly checked their github and there are plenty of dependencies. So unless you paste out the errors (i.e. undefined references) - we won't have enough information to know why this is failing. — Milan Š.
– Milan Š., Commented Jan 2, 2023 at 6:13
Please run a verbose build (run make VERBOSE=1), so make outputs all the commands it uses to build the application. Then you can see exactly the libraries it uses to link with. — Some programmer dude
– Some programmer dude, Commented Jan 2, 2023 at 6:33
@Someprogrammerdude that won't be needed. The issue is elsewhere (it's mentioned in my answer) — Milan Š.
– Milan Š., Commented Jan 2, 2023 at 7:16

Milan Š. · Accepted Answer · 2023-01-02 07:15:19Z

I think I know where the issue is now after looking at the error message and checking out mosquitopp.

My current guess is that you've downloaded pre-compiled binaries from their download page.

These binaries were built using MSVC (2019) however you are using mingw32 to build your project. This is apparent from the line here:

[build] mingw32-make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles\MainFile.dir\build.make:101: MainFile.exe] Error 1

You cannot use different compilers, the binaries will always most likely be different. So you have two options now to solve this:

Build your own mosquittopp library using mingw32
Build your application using MSVC 2019

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