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The \foreignlanguage babel command introduces weird horizontal space at the beginning of the foreign text when used inside a document using the LLNCS (https://ctan.tetaneutral.net/macros/latex/contrib/llncs/llncsdoc.pdf) class. The problem doesn't appear with the default article class.

Minimal reproducible example:

\documentclass{llncs} \usepackage[main=french,english]{babel} \begin{document} Ceci est \foreignlanguage{english}{a test}. \end{document}

Rendering of the minimal example

How it renders with the regular article class:

\documentclass{article} \usepackage[main=french,english]{babel} \begin{document} Ceci est \foreignlanguage{english}{a test}. \end{document}

Rendering of the working example

Is there something I can do to remove that space other than negative vspaces?

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  • the class adds a \switcht@albion command to the language switch which contains lots of spurious spaces. Commented Nov 23, 2022 at 16:27
  • this has come up before, you could add a lot of % to ends of lines in llncs.cls Commented Nov 23, 2022 at 16:30

2 Answers 2

Reset to default
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The class is buggy and adds lots of spurious space. Redo the relevant definition and report the bug:

\documentclass{llncs} \usepackage[main=french,english]{babel} \makeatletter \def\switcht@albion{% \def\abstractname{Abstract.}% \def\ackname{Acknowledgement.}% \def\andname{and}% \def\lastandname{\unskip, and}% \def\appendixname{Appendix}% \def\chaptername{Chapter}% \def\claimname{Claim}% \def\conjecturename{Conjecture}% \def\contentsname{Table of Contents}% \def\corollaryname{Corollary}% \def\definitionname{Definition}% \def\examplename{Example}% \def\exercisename{Exercise}% \def\figurename{Fig.}% \def\keywordname{{\bf Keywords:}}% \def\indexname{Index}% \def\lemmaname{Lemma}% \def\contriblistname{List of Contributors}% \def\listfigurename{List of Figures}% \def\listtablename{List of Tables}% \def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:}% \def\noteaddname{Note added in proof}% \def\notename{Note}% \def\partname{Part}% \def\problemname{Problem}% \def\proofname{Proof}% \def\propertyname{Property}% \def\propositionname{Proposition}% \def\questionname{Question}% \def\remarkname{Remark}% \def\seename{see}% \def\solutionname{Solution}% \def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:}% \def\tablename{Table}% \def\theoremname{Theorem}} \makeatother \begin{document} Ceci est \foreignlanguage{english}{a test}. \end{document}
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  • Vendoring the class and adding those percent characters fixed it, thanks! Commented Nov 24, 2022 at 13:44
2

If you want to avoid editing a local copy you could ignore ends of lines while reading the class

\endlinechar=-1 \documentclass{llncs} \endlinechar=13 \usepackage[main=french,english]{babel} \begin{document} Ceci est \foreignlanguage{english}{a test}. \end{document}
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