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I am creating a Beamer presentation and encountering extra vertical and horizontal spaces in my frame, particularly around equations and within the itemize environment. I want to tighten the layout to make it more compact and professional. The extra spaces are noticeable between items, around the boxed equation, and in the align* environment. Here is a minimal example of my code: latex

\documentclass{beamer} \usepackage{empheq} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{changepage} \usepackage{amsmath} \newcommand{\eqbox}{\fbox} % Simple box for empheq \newlength{\extralength} \setlength{\extralength}{1cm} \usetheme{Madrid} \useoutertheme{shadow} \begin{document} \begin{frame}{} \begin{itemize} \item Let $\mathbb{B}_{A}(\mathcal{H})$ denote the set of operators admitting \alert{$A$-adjoints}. Then \begin{equation*} \alert{\mathbb{B}_{A}(\mathcal{H})}=\Big\{T\in \mathbb{B}(\mathcal{H})\,:\;\,\mathcal{R}(T^*A) \subseteq \mathcal{R}(A)\Big\}. \end{equation*} \pause \item Let $T \in \mathbb{B}_{A}(\mathcal{H})$. The \alert{reduced solution} of $AX = T^*A$ is given by \begin{empheq}[box=\eqbox]{equation*} T^{\sharp_A} = A^\dag T^* A. \end{empheq} Here, \alert{$A^\dag$} is the Moore--Penrose pseudo-inverse of $A$, defined as the unique linear mapping from $\mathcal{R}(A) \oplus \mathcal{R}(A)^\perp$ into $\mathcal{H}$ satisfying: \begin{adjustwidth}{-\extralength}{0cm} \begin{align*} AXA = A, \quad XAX = X, \quad XA = P_A \quad \text{and} \quad AX = P_A|_{\mathcal{R}(A) \oplus \mathcal{R}(A)^{\perp}}, \end{align*} \end{adjustwidth} where $P_A$ is the orthogonal projection onto $\overline{\mathcal{R}(A)}$. \pause \item Operators in \alert{$\mathbb{B}_{A^{1/2}}(\mathcal{H})$} are called \alert{$A$-bounded}. \end{itemize} \pause \begin{alertblock}{\ding{43} Remark} \[ \mathbb{B}_{A}(\mathcal{H})\subseteq \mathbb{B}_{A^{1/2}}(\mathcal{H})\subseteq \mathbb{B}^A(\mathcal{H})\subseteq \mathbb{B}(\mathcal{H}). \] \end{alertblock} \end{frame} \end{document}

There are unwanted vertical spaces between the itemize items and around the empheq boxed equation. The align* environment adds extra horizontal and vertical spacing around the conditions. The overall layout feels too spread out, and I’d like to reduce these gaps without losing readability. What I’ve Tried: Used \vspace{-12pt} to reduce space after the first equation, but it’s not enough. Applied \begin{adjustwidth}{-\extralength}{0cm} to shift the align* environment, but it doesn’t fully resolve the spacing issue. Question: How can I remove or minimize the extra spaces in this Beamer frame to create a more compact layout? Are there specific commands or environment adjustments (e.g., for itemize, align*, or empheq) that can help achieve this? Thank you for any suggestions!

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  • You could start by replacing \begin{adjustwidth}{-\extralength}{0cm}\begin{align*} and \end{align*}\end{adjustwidth} with \begin{equation*} and \end{equation*}, respectively. (Also, replace the \quad directives with \ directives.) And, by all means, replace \,:\;\, with :, please. Commented Mar 16 at 11:27
  • I used {adjustwidth} to move a bit my equation to the left since it looks not centrered. Commented Mar 16 at 11:44
  • The reason the equation "looks not centered" is because it's too wide which, in turn, is mainly the consequence of the \quad directives. Replacing the \quad directives with normal interword space makes it unnecessary to use the adjustwidth sledgehammer. Commented Mar 16 at 12:12

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I have no single major adjustment suggestion, just a collection of incremental improvements. Taken together, they serve to save quite a bit of vertical whitespace.

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\documentclass{beamer} \usepackage{pifont} % for '\ding' macro %\usepackage{amsmath} % for '\boxed' macro % beamer loads 'amsmath' automatically \usetheme{Madrid} \useoutertheme{shadow} % handy shortcut macros: \newcommand\mcH{\mathcal{H}} \newcommand\PA{P_{\mspace{-4.5mu}A}} \begin{document} \begin{frame} \begin{itemize} \item Let $\mathbb{B}_{A}(\mcH)$ denote the set of operators admitting \alert{$A$-adjoints}. Then \[ \alert{\mathbb{B}_{A}(\mcH)}= \bigl\{T\in \mathbb{B}(\mcH) : \mathcal{R}(T^*A) \subseteq \mathcal{R}(A)\bigr\}. \] \item Let $T \in \mathbb{B}_{A}(\mcH)$. The \alert{reduced solution} of $AX = T^*A$ is given by \[ \smash{\boxed{T^{\sharp_A} = A^{\dag} T^* A\,.}} \] Here, \alert{$A^{\dag}$} is the Moore--Penrose pseudo-inverse of $A$, defined as the unique linear mapping from $\mathcal{R}(A) \oplus \mathcal{R}(A)^{\perp}$ into $\mcH$ satisfying: \[ AXA = A, \ XAX = X, \ XA = \PA, \text{ and } AX = \smash[b]{\PA \vert_{\mathcal{R}(A) \oplus \mathcal{R}(A)^{\perp}}}\,, \] where $\PA$ is the orthogonal projection onto $\overline{\mathcal{R}(A)}$. \item Operators in \alert{$\mathbb{B}_{A^{1/2}}(\mcH)$} are called \alert{$A$-bounded}. \end{itemize} \begin{alertblock}{\ding{43} Remark} \[ \mathbb{B}_{A}(\mcH) \subseteq \mathbb{B}_{A^{1/2}}(\mcH) \subseteq \mathbb{B}^A(\mcH) \subseteq \mathbb{B}(\mcH)\,. \] \end{alertblock} \end{frame} \end{document}

Addendum: To really reduce the amount of vertical whitespace that LaTeX inserts above and below displayed equations, you should run something like this in the preamble:

\AtBeginDocument{% \addtolength\abovedisplayskip{-2pt} \addtolength\belowdisplayskip{-2pt} }
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