age = 18 if age >= 18: print("You are an adult")

temperature = 25 if temperature > 30: print("It's hot outside") else: print("It's not too hot")

grade = 85 if grade >= 90: print("A") elif grade >= 80: print("B") elif grade >= 70: print("C") else: print("F")

# AND operator age = 25 income = 50000 if age >= 18 and income >= 30000: print("Eligible for loan") # OR operator day = "Saturday" if day == "Saturday" or day == "Sunday": print("It's weekend!") # NOT operator is_raining = False if not is_raining: print("Go for a walk")

# Loop through numbers for i in range(5): print(f"Number: {i}") # Loop through a list fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"] for fruit in fruits: print(f"I like {fruit}") # Loop with start, stop, step for i in range(2, 10, 2): # Start=2, Stop=10, Step=2 print(i) # Prints: 2, 4, 6, 8

# Basic while loop count = 0 while count < 5: print(f"Count: {count}") count += 1 # While loop with user input password = "" while password != "secret": password = input("Enter password: ") print("Access granted!")

# Break statement for i in range(10): if i == 5: break print(i) # Prints: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 # Continue statement for i in range(5): if i == 2: continue print(i) # Prints: 0, 1, 3, 4

for i in range(3): for j in range(3): print(f"i={i}, j={j}")

def greet(): print("Hello, World!") greet() # Call the function

def greet_person(name): print(f"Hello, {name}!") greet_person("Alice")

def add_numbers(a, b): return a + b result = add_numbers(5, 3) print(result) # Output: 8

def greet_with_title(name, title="Mr."): return f"Hello, {title} {name}!" print(greet_with_title("Smith")) # Hello, Mr. Smith! print(greet_with_title("Johnson", "Dr.")) # Hello, Dr. Johnson!

def calculate(a, b): addition = a + b subtraction = a - b return addition, subtraction sum_result, diff_result = calculate(10, 3) print(f"Sum: {sum_result}, Difference: {diff_result}")

# Basic lambda square = lambda x: x ** 2 print(square(5)) # Output: 25 # Lambda with multiple parameters multiply = lambda x, y: x * y print(multiply(3, 4)) # Output: 12 # Using lambda with built-in functions numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] squared_numbers = list(map(lambda x: x**2, numbers)) print(squared_numbers) # Output: [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

# Creating lists fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"] numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] mixed_list = ["hello", 42, True, 3.14] # List operations fruits.append("grape") # Add to end fruits.insert(1, "mango") # Insert at index fruits.remove("banana") # Remove by value popped_item = fruits.pop() # Remove and return last item # List methods print(len(fruits)) # Length print(fruits[0]) # First item print(fruits[-1]) # Last item print(fruits[1:3]) # Slicing # List comprehension squares = [x**2 for x in range(5)] print(squares) # Output: [0, 1, 4, 9, 16]

# Creating tuples (immutable) coordinates = (10, 20) rgb_color = (255, 128, 0) # Tuple operations x, y = coordinates # Unpacking print(f"X: {x}, Y: {y}") # Named tuples from collections import namedtuple Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y']) p = Point(10, 20) print(f"Point: {p.x}, {p.y}")

# Creating dictionaries student = { "name": "Alice", "age": 20, "grade": "A" } # Dictionary operations student["email"] = "alice@email.com" # Add key-value student["age"] = 21 # Update value del student["grade"] # Delete key # Dictionary methods print(student.keys()) # Get all keys print(student.values()) # Get all values print(student.items()) # Get key-value pairs # Dictionary comprehension squares_dict = {x: x**2 for x in range(5)} print(squares_dict) # {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16}

# Creating sets (unique elements) unique_numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} colors = {"red", "green", "blue"} # Set operations colors.add("yellow") colors.remove("red") colors.discard("purple") # Won't raise error if not found # Set operations set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4} set2 = {3, 4, 5, 6} print(set1.union(set2)) # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} print(set1.intersection(set2)) # {3, 4} print(set1.difference(set2)) # {1, 2}

class Dog: def __init__(self, name, breed): self.name = name self.breed = breed def bark(self): return f"{self.name} says Woof!" def get_info(self): return f"{self.name} is a {self.breed}" # Creating objects my_dog = Dog("Buddy", "Golden Retriever") print(my_dog.bark()) # Buddy says Woof! print(my_dog.get_info()) # Buddy is a Golden Retriever

class Circle: def __init__(self, radius): self._radius = radius @property def radius(self): return self._radius @radius.setter def radius(self, value): if value < 0: raise ValueError("Radius cannot be negative") self._radius = value @property def area(self): return 3.14159 * self._radius ** 2 circle = Circle(5) print(f"Area: {circle.area}") # Area: 78.53975 circle.radius = 10 print(f"New area: {circle.area}") # New area: 314.159

class Animal: def __init__(self, name, species): self.name = name self.species = species def make_sound(self): pass def get_info(self): return f"{self.name} is a {self.species}" class Cat(Animal): def __init__(self, name, breed): super().__init__(name, "Cat") self.breed = breed def make_sound(self): return "Meow!" class Dog(Animal): def __init__(self, name, breed): super().__init__(name, "Dog") self.breed = breed def make_sound(self): return "Woof!" # Using inheritance cat = Cat("Whiskers", "Persian") dog = Dog("Rex", "German Shepherd") print(cat.get_info()) # Whiskers is a Cat print(cat.make_sound()) # Meow! print(dog.make_sound()) # Woof!

class MathUtils: pi = 3.14159 @staticmethod def add(x, y): return x + y @classmethod def get_pi(cls): return cls.pi @staticmethod def circle_area(radius): return MathUtils.pi * radius ** 2 # Using static and class methods print(MathUtils.add(5, 3)) # 8 print(MathUtils.get_pi()) # 3.14159 print(MathUtils.circle_area(5)) # 78.53975

umur = 18 if umur >= 18: print("Anda sudah dewasa")

suhu = 25 if suhu > 30: print("Cuaca panas di luar") else: print("Cuaca tidak terlalu panas")

nilai = 85 if nilai >= 90: print("A") elif nilai >= 80: print("B") elif nilai >= 70: print("C") else: print("D")

# Operator AND umur = 25 penghasilan = 50000 if umur >= 18 and penghasilan >= 30000: print("Memenuhi syarat untuk pinjaman") # Operator OR hari = "Sabtu" if hari == "Sabtu" or hari == "Minggu": print("Ini akhir pekan!") # Operator NOT sedang_hujan = False if not sedang_hujan: print("Pergi jalan-jalan")

# Perulangan melalui angka for i in range(5): print(f"Angka: {i}") # Perulangan melalui list buah_buahan = ["apel", "pisang", "jeruk"] for buah in buah_buahan: print(f"Saya suka {buah}") # Perulangan dengan start, stop, step for i in range(2, 10, 2): # Start=2, Stop=10, Step=2 print(i) # Mencetak: 2, 4, 6, 8

# Perulangan while dasar hitung = 0 while hitung < 5: print(f"Hitungan: {hitung}") hitung += 1 # Perulangan while dengan input pengguna kata_sandi = "" while kata_sandi != "rahasia": kata_sandi = input("Masukkan kata sandi: ") print("Akses diberikan!")

# Pernyataan break for i in range(10): if i == 5: break print(i) # Mencetak: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 # Pernyataan continue for i in range(5): if i == 2: continue print(i) # Mencetak: 0, 1, 3, 4

for i in range(3): for j in range(3): print(f"i={i}, j={j}")

def sapa(): print("Halo, Dunia!") sapa() # Memanggil fungsi

def sapa_orang(nama): print(f"Halo, {nama}!") sapa_orang("Alice")

def tambah_angka(a, b): return a + b hasil = tambah_angka(5, 3) print(hasil) # Output: 8

def sapa_dengan_gelar(nama, gelar="Pak"): return f"Halo, {gelar} {nama}!" print(sapa_dengan_gelar("Smith")) # Halo, Pak Smith! print(sapa_dengan_gelar("Johnson", "Dr.")) # Halo, Dr. Johnson!

def hitung(a, b): penjumlahan = a + b pengurangan = a - b return penjumlahan, pengurangan hasil_jumlah, hasil_kurang = hitung(10, 3) print(f"Jumlah: {hasil_jumlah}, Selisih: {hasil_kurang}")

# Lambda dasar kuadrat = lambda x: x ** 2 print(kuadrat(5)) # Output: 25 # Lambda dengan banyak parameter kali = lambda x, y: x * y print(kali(3, 4)) # Output: 12 # Menggunakan lambda dengan fungsi built-in angka = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] angka_kuadrat = list(map(lambda x: x**2, angka)) print(angka_kuadrat) # Output: [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

# Membuat list buah_buahan = ["apel", "pisang", "jeruk"] angka = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] list_campuran = ["halo", 42, True, 3.14] # Operasi list buah_buahan.append("anggur") # Tambah di akhir buah_buahan.insert(1, "mangga") # Sisipkan di indeks buah_buahan.remove("pisang") # Hapus berdasarkan nilai item_keluar = buah_buahan.pop() # Hapus dan kembalikan item terakhir # Method list print(len(buah_buahan)) # Panjang print(buah_buahan[0]) # Item pertama print(buah_buahan[-1]) # Item terakhir print(buah_buahan[1:3]) # Slicing # List comprehension kuadrat = [x**2 for x in range(5)] print(kuadrat) # Output: [0, 1, 4, 9, 16]

# Membuat tuple (tidak dapat diubah) koordinat = (10, 20) warna_rgb = (255, 128, 0) # Operasi tuple x, y = koordinat # Unpacking print(f"X: {x}, Y: {y}") # Named tuple from collections import namedtuple Titik = namedtuple('Titik', ['x', 'y']) p = Titik(10, 20) print(f"Titik: {p.x}, {p.y}")

# Membuat dictionary siswa = { "nama": "Alice", "umur": 20, "nilai": "A" } # Operasi dictionary siswa["email"] = "alice@email.com" # Tambah key-value siswa["umur"] = 21 # Update nilai del siswa["nilai"] # Hapus key # Method dictionary print(siswa.keys()) # Dapatkan semua key print(siswa.values()) # Dapatkan semua value print(siswa.items()) # Dapatkan pasangan key-value # Dictionary comprehension kuadrat_dict = {x: x**2 for x in range(5)} print(kuadrat_dict) # {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16}

# Membuat set (elemen unik) angka_unik = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} warna = {"merah", "hijau", "biru"} # Operasi set warna.add("kuning") warna.remove("merah") warna.discard("ungu") # Tidak akan error jika tidak ditemukan # Operasi set set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4} set2 = {3, 4, 5, 6} print(set1.union(set2)) # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} print(set1.intersection(set2)) # {3, 4} print(set1.difference(set2)) # {1, 2}

class Anjing: def __init__(self, nama, ras): self.nama = nama self.ras = ras def gonggong(self): return f"{self.nama} menggonggong Guk!" def dapat_info(self): return f"{self.nama} adalah {self.ras}" # Membuat objek anjing_saya = Anjing("Buddy", "Golden Retriever") print(anjing_saya.gonggong()) # Buddy menggonggong Guk! print(anjing_saya.dapat_info()) # Buddy adalah Golden Retriever

class Lingkaran: def __init__(self, radius): self._radius = radius @property def radius(self): return self._radius @radius.setter def radius(self, nilai): if nilai < 0: raise ValueError("Radius tidak boleh negatif") self._radius = nilai @property def luas(self): return 3.14159 * self._radius ** 2 lingkaran = Lingkaran(5) print(f"Luas: {lingkaran.luas}") # Luas: 78.53975 lingkaran.radius = 10 print(f"Luas baru: {lingkaran.luas}") # Luas baru: 314.159

class Hewan: def __init__(self, nama, spesies): self.nama = nama self.spesies = spesies def buat_suara(self): pass def dapat_info(self): return f"{self.nama} adalah {self.spesies}" class Kucing(Hewan): def __init__(self, nama, ras): super().__init__(nama, "Kucing") self.ras = ras def buat_suara(self): return "Meong!" class Anjing(Hewan): def __init__(self, nama, ras): super().__init__(nama, "Anjing") self.ras = ras def buat_suara(self): return "Guk!" # Menggunakan inheritance kucing = Kucing("Whiskers", "Persia") anjing = Anjing("Rex", "German Shepherd") print(kucing.dapat_info()) # Whiskers adalah Kucing print(kucing.buat_suara()) # Meong! print(anjing.buat_suara()) # Guk!

class UtilMatematika: pi = 3.14159 @staticmethod def tambah(x, y): return x + y @classmethod def dapat_pi(cls): return cls.pi @staticmethod def luas_lingkaran(radius): return UtilMatematika.pi * radius ** 2 # Menggunakan method statis dan kelas print(UtilMatematika.tambah(5, 3)) # 8 print(UtilMatematika.dapat_pi()) # 3.14159 print(UtilMatematika.luas_lingkaran(5)) # 78.53975