After upgrading from Debian 8 to Debian 9, the text editor Pluma (a Gedit fork) no longer use my custom DPI setting. I noticed the same thing with the editor Geany. Here are my Xft settings in ~/.Xresources:
Xft.antialias: true Xft.autohint: false Xft.dpi: 100 Xft.hinting: true Xft.hintstyle: hintslight Xft.lcdfilter: lcddefault Xft.rgba: rgb The other Xft settings above are picked up Pluma, however. On the other hand, the text editor Leafpad correctly uses the DPI setting. Any clues? I use the window manager Blackbox started from a console.
Pluma (with DejaVu Sans 10):
Leafpad (with DejaVu Sans 10):

