The EFI System Partition (ESP) is a partition on a data storage device (usually an HDD or SSD) that is used by computers adhering to the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI). The EFI System Partition is an interface that's used by the computer to boot Windows. It's like a step that is taken before it runs the Windows partition. It's a small partition, but without that partition your computer wouldn't know how to boot Windows, so don't delete it.
The EFI System Partition is a dedicated partition on GPT. It's usually a small one (100-500 MB) formatted as FAT located at the beginning of the disk, and its partition record is at the beginning of the GPT (GUID Partition Table).