Building your first app with MongoDB

#mongodbdays @mongodb @nleite #developers Building your first app An introduction to MongoDB Norberto Leite SA, MongoDB

Let’s not talk about Fußball!

Quick Introduction • Norberto Leite – SA – Madrid, Spain – norberto@mongodb.com – @nleite

Welcome to MongoDB Days Munich! This is YOUR conference!

Thanks for being part of the Family!

Grab our staff for anything you need!

MongoDB is a ___________ database • Document • Open source • High performance • Horizontally scalable • Full featured

Document Database • Not for .PDF & .DOC files • A document is essentially an associative array • Document = JSON object • Document = PHP Array • Document = Python Dict • Document = Ruby Hash • etc

Open Source • MongoDB is an open source project • On GitHub • Licensed under the AGPL • Started & sponsored by MongoDB Inc (formerly 10gen) • Commercial licenses available • Contributions welcome

High Performance • Written in C++ • Extensive use of memory-mapped files i.e. read-through write-through memory caching. • Runs nearly everywhere • Data serialized as BSON (fast parsing) • Full support for primary & secondary indexes • Document model = less work

Shard 1 Shard 2 Shard 3 Shard N Horizontally Scalable

Full Featured • Ad Hoc queries • Real time aggregation • Rich query capabilities • Strongly consistent • Geospatial features • Support for most programming languages • Flexible schema

Setting Expectations • What is MongoDB • How to develop with MongoDB • Scale with MongoDB • Analytics • MMS • Sharding • Setting the correct environment

Running MongoDB $ tar –z xvf mongodb-osx-x86_64-2.6.5.tgz $ cd mongodb-osx-i386-2.4.4/bin $ mkdir –p /data/db $ ./mongod

Mongo Shell MacBook-Air-:~ $ mongo MongoDB shell version: 2.6.5 connecting to: test > db.test.insert({text: 'Welcome to MongoDB'}) > db.test.find().pretty() { "_id" : ObjectId("51c34130fbd5d7261b4cdb55"), "text" : "Welcome to MongoDB" }

Terminology RDBMS MongoDB Table, View ➜ Collection Row ➜ Document Index ➜ Index Join ➜ Embedded Document Foreign Key ➜ Reference Partition ➜ Shard

Let’s Build a Personal Data Hub!

First step in any application is Determine your entities

Entities in our Data Hub • Accounts • Messages – emails – tweets – comments – streams • Notifications

In a relational base app We would start by doing schema design

Typical (relational) ERD Messages Email Tweets Facebook messages Alerts Accounts

In a MongoDB based app We start building our app and let the schema evolve

MongoDB ERD Accounts - account - user - password - refresh_rate - uri Alerts Messages - id - time - account_id - from - to - body - attachments - text - user - time - retweets - subscribers - channel - rate - period - metrics:[] …

Switch to Your DB >db test > use datahub switching to db datahub

Create our first Document >var account = { "name": "gmail", "credentials": { "user": "norberto@mongodb.com", "password": "YOU WISH!" }, "smtp": "smpt.gmail.com", "tls": true }

Switch to Your DB >db test > use datahub switching to db datahub > db.accounts.insert( account )

Insert the Record > db.accounts.insert(account) No collection creation necessary

Find One Record > db.accounts.findOne() { "_id": ObjectId("54490561150027cc775b1019"), "name": "gmail", "credentials": { "user": "norberto@mongodb.com", "password": "YOU WISH!" }, "smtp": "smpt.gmail.com", "tls": true }

_id • _id is the primary key in MongoDB • Automatically indexed • Automatically created as an ObjectId if not provided • Any unique immutable value could be used

ObjectId • ObjectId is a special 12 byte value • Guaranteed to be unique across your cluster • ObjectId("50804d0bd94ccab2da652599") |----ts-----||---mac---||-pid-||----inc-----| 4 3 2 3

Rich Data Types > db.accounts.findOne() { "_id": ObjectId("54490561150027cc775b1019"), "name": "gmail", "credentials": { Strings "user": "norberto@mongodb.com", "password": "YOU WISH!" }, ”last_access": ISODate("2014-10-30T13:09:36.724Z"), "smtp": "smpt.gmail.com", "tls": true } Date Boolean

Inserting Messages (emails, tweets …) > db.messages.insert({ "_id" : ObjectId("54527e08257844421e64623f"), "favorited" : false, "contributors" : null, "truncated" : false, "text" : "converting to #java 8", "in_reply_to_status_id" : null, ”hashtags”: [ "#java", ] … }

Inserting Messages (emails, tweets …) > db.messages.insert({ "_id" : ObjectId("54523d2d25784427c6fabce1"), "From" : "norberto@mongodb.com", "To" : "mongodb-user@googlegroups.com", "Date" : ISODate("2012-08-15T22:32:34Z"), "body" : { "text/plain" : ”Hello Munich, nice to see yalll!" }, "Subject" : ”Live From MongoDB World" })

Finding a Message > db.message.find().pretty() { "_id" : ObjectId("54523d2d25784427c6fabce1"), "From" : "norberto@mongodb.com", "To" : "mongodb-user@googlegroups.com", "Date" : ISODate("2012-08-15T22:32:34Z"), "body" : { "text/plain" : ”Hello Munich, nice to see yalll!" }, "Subject" : ”Live From MongoDB World" } { "_id" : ObjectId("54527e08257844421e64623f"), "favorited" : false, "contributors" : null, "truncated" : false, "text" : "converting to #java 8", "in_reply_to_status_id" : null, ”hashtags”: [ "#java", ] … }

Querying An Array > db.article.find({"hashtags":"#java"}).pretty() { "_id" : ObjectId("54527e08257844421e64623f"), "favorited" : false, "contributors" : null, "truncated" : false, "text" : "converting to #java 8, #programing ", "in_reply_to_status_id" : null, ”hashtags”: [ "#java", "#programing"] … } query in JSON

Using Update to Add a Comment > db.messages.update({ "_id" : ObjectId("54523d2d25784427c6fabce1") }, {$set: { opened: {date: ISODate("2012-08-15T22:32:34Z"), user: ’Norberto'} } }) > which is a subdocument set new field on the document

Post with Comment Attached > db.message.findOne({"_id" : ObjectId("54523d2d25784427c6fabce1")}) { "_id" : ObjectId("54523d2d25784427c6fabce1"), "From" : "norberto@mongodb.com", "To" : "mongodb-user@googlegroups.com", "Date" : ISODate("2012-08-15T22:32:34Z"), "body" : { "text/plain" : ”Hello Munich, nice to see yalll!" }, "Subject" : ”Live From MongoDB World” "opened" : {"date": ISODate("2012-08-15T22:32:34Z"), "user": ’Norberto'} } Find document by primary key

Real applications are not built in the shell

MongoDB has native bindings for over 12 languages

Morphia MEAN Stack Java Python Perl Ruby Support for the most popular languages and frameworks

Great, I’m excited! What’s next?

Schema Design, Schema Design, Schema Design, Schema Design!

Legacy Migration 1. Copy existing schema & some data to MongoDB 2. Iterate schema design development Measure performance, find bottlenecks, and embed 1. one to one associations first 2. one to many associations next 3. many to many associations 3. Migrate full dataset to new schema New Software Application? Embed by default

Embedding over Referencing • Embedding is a bit like pre-joined data – BSON (Binary JSON) document ops are easy for the server • Embed (90/10 following rule of thumb) – When the “one” or “many” objects are viewed in the context of their parent – For performance – For atomicity • Reference – When you need more scaling – For easy consistency with “many to many” associations without duplicated data

It’s All About Your Application • Programs+Databases = (Big) Data Applications • Your schema is the impedance matcher – Design choices: normalize/denormalize, reference/embed – Melds programming with MongoDB for best of both – Flexible for development and change • Programs×MongoDB = Great Big Data Applications

We've introduced a lot of concepts here

MMS @ Scale Easily Best Practices, Automated Cut Management Overhead

DevOps @ Provision Upgrade Scale Continuous Backup Point-in-Time Recovery Performance Alerts

Wrapping up … • MongoDB is a great Developers Tool • Designed for : • Scalability • Flexibility • Performance • Multipurpose • Great Ecosystem

#mongodbdays Obrigado! Norberto Leite norberto@mongodb.com

Building your first app with MongoDB

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