The document provides an introduction to programming. It discusses what a program is, the process of writing instructions known as programming, different types of programming languages including machine language, assembly language, C and C++. It provides examples of Hello World programs in C++ and the steps involved in writing, compiling, running and testing a program. These include coming up with an idea, designing the program structure, writing the code, alpha and beta testing to fix bugs before final release.
In computing,a program is a specific set of ordered operations for a computer to perform. Typically, the program is put into a storage area accessible to the computer. The computer gets one instruction and performs it and then gets the next instruction. The storage area or memory can also contain the data that the instruction operates on.
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Programming isthe process of writing instructions in any computer programming language to get any specific objective. Process of writing instructions is based on some logic. Your first step is to figure out exactly what you want your program to do Chalk out the steps on paper (algorithm)
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A programminglanguage is a special language programmers use to develop applications, scripts, or other set of instructions for computers to execute. programming languages provide methods for sending input into the computer program so that it can be manipulated Examples BASIC, C, C++, COBOL, FORTRAN, Ada, and Pascal.
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Machine languageconsisting of binary digits which a computer can respond to directly. Machine language is the only language a computer is capable of understanding directly. Every processor or processor family has its own machine code instruction set. Instructions are patterns of bits that by physical design correspond to different commands to the machine.
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David J.Wheeler created the first assembly language. While working as part of a team on the Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer,
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Sometimes referredto as assembly or ASL, assembly language is a low-level programming language used to interface with computer hardware. Assembly language uses structured commands as substitutions for numbers allowing humans to more easily read the code versus looking at binary. Although easier to read than binary, assembly language is a difficult language and is usually substituted for a higher language such as C.
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Assembly languageuses a mnemonic to represent each low-level machine instruction or operation. Assembly language is converted into executable machine code (object code) by a utility program referred to as an assembler; the conversion process is referred to as assembly, or assembling the code.
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C, anearly systems programming language, was developed by Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson at Bell Labs between 1969 and 1973. C++ is a high-level programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs beginning in 1979.
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C++ isa Machine Independent Language. C++ Provides huge Function Library C++ is an Object Oriented Programming Language (OOPL). C++ can be used for developing System Software viz., operating systems, compilers, editors and data bases. C++ is suitable for Development of Reusable Software. , thus reduces cost of software development.
you shouldfirst write the program Save the program Compile the Program ( Alt+F9) fix the syntax errors, if identified by the complier Re-compile the program Run the program (Ctrl + F9) See the output, if any
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1. Comeup with an idea for a program. 2. Decide the probable identity of the typical user of the program. 3. Pick computer language(s) to use. 4. Design the program by using pseudocode or any other tool to outline the structure of the program. 5. Write the program. 6. Test the program. Step 6 is known as alpha testing.
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7. Fixany problems that you discover during alpha testing. Repeat Steps 6 and 7 as often as possible. 8. Give out copies of the program to other people to test. Step 8 is known as beta testing. The idea is to let total strangers use your program so they can tell you what they like and dislike. 9. Fix any problems that people discover during beta testing. Repeat Steps 8 and 9 as often as possible. 10. Release the program