Maven: NoClassDefFoundError: org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner

I have a classpath issue.

• Background: Building and running a Spring WebApp.
• Originally it was one big project including dao/service/controller/webapp.
• I have just broken my project into a maven module project essentially splitting the webapp from the dao and service layers.
• Now my webapp junit tests do not run.
• The junit code has not changed and I don't think the dependencies have changed (albeit shifted around).
• Spring-test is in my local repository.
• Spring-test is in my unit test runtime classpath (used mvn debug logging to check)
• I have no other classpath issues. All dao module tests run fine

However, I get

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner. 

I will post my parent and child pom.xml. If anyone has a suggestion, I'd be very grateful.

Parent Pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>jake</groupId> <artifactId>prototype3</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>pom</packaging> <modules> <module>prototype3.model</module> <module>prototype3.service</module> <module>prototype3.testadmin.webapp</module> </modules> <properties> <spring.version>4.1.6.RELEASE</spring.version> <thymeleaf.version>2.1.4.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version> <webflow.version>2.4.0.RELEASE</webflow.version> <internalrepo.dir>C:\Users\jake\_servers\internalRepository</internalrepo.dir> </properties> <distributionManagement> <repository> <id>internal.repo</id> <name>Temporary Staging Repository</name> <url>file://${internalrepo.dir}</url> </repository> </distributionManagement> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- Spring Web Flow --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webflow</artifactId> <version>${webflow.version}</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId> <artifactId>spring-js</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId> <artifactId>spring-js</artifactId> <version>2.4.1.RELEASE</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <!-- javax --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.el</groupId> <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId> <version>2.2.4</version> </dependency> <!-- Spring ORM support --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- -hibernate --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>4.3.10.Final</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.javassist</groupId> <artifactId>javassist</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId> <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId> <version>9.4-1200-jdbc41</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.14</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId> <version>4.3.10.Final</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> <version>5.1.3.Final</version> </dependency> <!-- Hibernate uses slf4j for logging, for our purposes here use the simple backend --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId> <version>1.7.12</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.javassist</groupId> <artifactId>javassist</artifactId> <version>3.19.0-GA</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>taglibs</groupId> <artifactId>standard</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId> <version>4.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.18.1</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.codehaus.plexus</groupId> <artifactId>plexus-utils</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId> <artifactId>maven-artifact</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.codehaus.plexus</groupId> <artifactId>plexus-container-default</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId> <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> <type>maven-plugin</type> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- Json --> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId> <version>2.4.3</version> </dependency> <!-- thymeleaf --> <dependency> <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring4</artifactId> <version>${thymeleaf.version}</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId> <version>${thymeleaf.version}</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.javassist</groupId> <artifactId>javassist</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-tiles2</artifactId> <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-tiles2-spring4</artifactId> <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring4</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-codec</groupId> <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId> <version>1.10</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.1</version> </dependency> <!-- Our Own--> <dependency> <groupId>jake</groupId> <artifactId>prototype3.model</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>jake</groupId> <artifactId>prototype3.service</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> </project> 

Child Pom

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>jake</groupId> <artifactId>prototype3</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <artifactId>prototype3.testadmin.webapp</artifactId> <properties> <deploy.directory>C:\Users\jake\_servers\tc8\webapps</deploy.directory> <deploy.name>prototype3</deploy.name> <l4j.test>C:\Users\jake\__workspace\prototype3\prototype3.testadmin.webapp\src\main\resources</l4j.test> <webinf.dir>C:\Users\jake\__workspace\prototype3\prototype3.testadmin.webapp\WebContent\WEB-INF</webinf.dir> <devroot.directory>C:\Users\jake\__workspace\prototype3\prototype3.testadmin.webapp\</devroot.directory> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- Spring Web Flow --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webflow</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId> <artifactId>spring-js</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- javax --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.el</groupId> <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- Spring ORM support --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.javassist</groupId> <artifactId>javassist</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>taglibs</groupId> <artifactId>standard</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <type>maven-plugin</type> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- Json --> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- thymeleaf --> <dependency> <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring4</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-tiles2</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId> <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-tiles2-spring4</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-codec</groupId> <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- Our own --> <dependency> <groupId>jake</groupId> <artifactId>prototype3.model</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>jake</groupId> <artifactId>prototype3.service</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.3</version> <configuration> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.6</version> <configuration> <warSourceDirectory>WebContent</warSourceDirectory> <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml> <outputDirectory>${deploy.directory}</outputDirectory> <webResources> <!-- <resource> <directory>src\main\resources</directory> </resource> --> </webResources> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-enforcer-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.4</version> <executions> <execution> <id>enforce</id> <configuration> <rules> <DependencyConvergence /> </rules> </configuration> <goals> <goal>enforce</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.18.1</version> <configuration> <includes> <include>**/A01TestSuite.java</include> <include>**/ServiceTestSuite.java</include> <include>**/ZFlowTestSuite.java</include> </includes> <additionalClasspathElements> <additionalClasspathElement>${webinf.dir}</additionalClasspathElement> </additionalClasspathElements> <systemPropertyVariables> <log4j.configuration>file:${l4j.test}/log4j.test.properties</log4j.configuration> </systemPropertyVariables> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.6.1</version> <configuration> <followSymLinks>false</followSymLinks> <filesets> <fileset> <directory>${deploy.directory}/${deploy.name}</directory> <includes> <include>**/*</include> </includes> </fileset> <fileset> <directory>${devroot.directory}/target</directory> <includes> <include>**/*</include> </includes> </fileset> <fileset> <directory>${deploy.directory}</directory> <includes> <include>${deploy.name}.war</include> <include>${deploy.name}</include> </includes> </fileset> </filesets> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> <finalName>${deploy.name}</finalName> </build> </project> 

UPDATE

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.002 sec <<< FAILURE! - in jake.prototype2.test.testrunner.ServiceTestSuite initializationError(jake.prototype2.test.service.UserAdminServiceTest) Time elapsed: 0.002 sec <<< ERROR! java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source) at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:104) at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:86) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59) at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.runners(RunnerBuilder.java:101) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.runners(RunnerBuilder.java:87) at org.junit.runners.Suite.(Suite.java:10