How to render an ASP.NET MVC view as a string?

This answer is not on my way . This is originally from https://stackoverflow.com/a/2759898/2318354 but here I have show the way to use it with "Static" Keyword to make it common for all Controllers .

For that you have to make static class in class file . (Suppose your Class File Name is Utils.cs )

This example is For Razor.

Utils.cs

public static class RazorViewToString { public static string RenderRazorViewToString(this Controller controller, string viewName, object model) { controller.ViewData.Model = model; using (var sw = new StringWriter()) { var viewResult = ViewEngines.Engines.FindPartialView(controller.ControllerContext, viewName); var viewContext = new ViewContext(controller.ControllerContext, viewResult.View, controller.ViewData, controller.TempData, sw); viewResult.View.Render(viewContext, sw); viewResult.ViewEngine.ReleaseView(controller.ControllerContext, viewResult.View); return sw.GetStringBuilder().ToString(); } } } 

Now you can call this class from your controller by adding NameSpace in your Controller File as following way by passing "this" as parameter to Controller.

string result = RazorViewToString.RenderRazorViewToString(this ,"ViewName", model); 

As suggestion given by @Sergey this extension method can also call from cotroller as given below

string result = this.RenderRazorViewToString("ViewName", model); 

I hope this will be useful to you make code clean and neat.

This works for me:

public virtual string RenderView(ViewContext viewContext) { var response = viewContext.HttpContext.Response; response.Flush(); var oldFilter = response.Filter; Stream filter = null; try { filter = new MemoryStream(); response.Filter = filter; viewContext.View.Render(viewContext, viewContext.HttpContext.Response.Output); response.Flush(); filter.Position = 0; var reader = new StreamReader(filter, response.ContentEncoding); return reader.ReadToEnd(); } finally { if (filter != null) { filter.Dispose(); } response.Filter = oldFilter; } } 

I found a new solution that renders a view to string without having to mess with the Response stream of the current HttpContext (which doesn't allow you to change the response's ContentType or other headers).

Basically, all you do is create a fake HttpContext for the view to render itself:

/// <summary>Renders a view to string.</summary> public static string RenderViewToString(this Controller controller, string viewName, object viewData) { //Create memory writer var sb = new StringBuilder(); var memWriter = new StringWriter(sb); //Create fake http context to render the view var fakeResponse = new HttpResponse(memWriter); var fakeContext = new HttpContext(HttpContext.Current.Request, fakeResponse); var fakeControllerContext = new ControllerContext( new HttpContextWrapper(fakeContext), controller.ControllerContext.RouteData, controller.ControllerContext.Controller); var oldContext = HttpContext.Current; HttpContext.Current = fakeContext; //Use HtmlHelper to render partial view to fake context var html = new HtmlHelper(new ViewContext(fakeControllerContext, new FakeView(), new ViewDataDictionary(), new TempDataDictionary()), new ViewPage()); html.RenderPartial(viewName, viewData); //Restore context HttpContext.Current = oldContext; //Flush memory and return output memWriter.Flush(); return sb.ToString(); } /// <summary>Fake IView implementation used to instantiate an HtmlHelper.</summary> public class FakeView : IView { #region IView Members public void Render(ViewContext viewContext, System.IO.TextWriter writer) { throw new NotImplementedException(); } #endregion } 

This works on ASP.NET MVC 1.0, together with ContentResult, JsonResult, etc. (changing Headers on the original HttpResponse doesn't throw the "Server cannot set content type after HTTP headers have been sent" exception).

Update: in ASP.NET MVC 2.0 RC, the code changes a bit because we have to pass in the StringWriter used to write the view into the ViewContext:

//... //Use HtmlHelper to render partial view to fake context var html = new HtmlHelper( new ViewContext(fakeControllerContext, new FakeView(), new ViewDataDictionary(), new TempDataDictionary(), memWriter), new ViewPage()); html.RenderPartial(viewName, viewData); //... 

This article describes how to render a View to a string in different scenarios:

1. MVC Controller calling another of its own ActionMethods
2. MVC Controller calling an ActionMethod of another MVC Controller
3. WebAPI Controller calling an ActionMethod of an MVC Controller

The solution/code is provided as a class called ViewRenderer. It is part of Rick Stahl's WestwindToolkit at GitHub.

Usage (3. - WebAPI example):

string html = ViewRenderer.RenderView("~/Areas/ReportDetail/Views/ReportDetail/Index.cshtml", ReportVM.Create(id)); 

If you want to forgo MVC entirely, thereby avoiding all the HttpContext mess...

using RazorEngine; using RazorEngine.Templating; // For extension methods. string razorText = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(razorTemplateFileLocation); string emailBody = Engine.Razor.RunCompile(razorText, "templateKey", typeof(Model), model); 

This uses the awesome open source Razor Engine here: https://github.com/Antaris/RazorEngine

Additional tip for ASP NET CORE:

Interface:

public interface IViewRenderer { Task<string> RenderAsync<TModel>(Controller controller, string name, TModel model); } 

Implementation:

public class ViewRenderer : IViewRenderer { private readonly IRazorViewEngine viewEngine; public ViewRenderer(IRazorViewEngine viewEngine) => this.viewEngine = viewEngine; public async Task<string> RenderAsync<TModel>(Controller controller, string name, TModel model) { ViewEngineResult viewEngineResult = this.viewEngine.FindView(controller.ControllerContext, name, false); if (!viewEngineResult.Success) { throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format("Could not find view: {0}", name)); } IView view = viewEngineResult.View; controller.ViewData.Model = model; await using var writer = new StringWriter(); var viewContext = new ViewContext( controller.ControllerContext, view, controller.ViewData, controller.TempData, writer, new HtmlHelperOptions()); await view.RenderAsync(viewContext); return writer.ToString(); } } 

Registration in Startup.cs

... services.AddSingleton<IViewRenderer, ViewRenderer>(); ... 

And usage in controller:

public MyController: Controller { private readonly IViewRenderer renderer; public MyController(IViewRendere renderer) => this.renderer = renderer; public async Task<IActionResult> MyViewTest { var view = await this.renderer.RenderAsync(this, "MyView", model); return new OkObjectResult(view); } } 

To render a view to a string in the Service Layer without having to pass ControllerContext around, there is a good Rick Strahl article here http://www.codemag.com/Article/1312081 that creates a generic controller. Code summary below:

// Some Static Class public static string RenderViewToString(ControllerContext context, string viewPath, object model = null, bool partial = false) { // first find the ViewEngine for this view ViewEngineResult viewEngineResult = null; if (partial) viewEngineResult = ViewEngines.Engines.FindPartialView(context, viewPath); else viewEngineResult = ViewEngines.Engines.FindView(context, viewPath, null); if (viewEngineResult == null) throw new FileNotFoundException("View cannot be found."); // get the view and attach the model to view data var view = viewEngineResult.View; context.Controller.ViewData.Model = model; string result = null; using (var sw = new StringWriter()) { var ctx = new ViewContext(context, view, context.Controller.ViewData, context.Controller.TempData, sw); view.Render(ctx, sw); result = sw.ToString(); } return result; } // In the Service Class public class GenericController : Controller { } public static T CreateController<T>(RouteData routeData = null) where T : Controller, new() { // create a disconnected controller instance T controller = new T(); // get context wrapper from HttpContext if available HttpContextBase wrapper; if (System.Web.HttpContext.Current != null) wrapper = new HttpContextWrapper(System.Web.HttpContext.Current); else throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot create Controller Context if no active HttpContext instance is available."); if (routeData == null) routeData = new RouteData(); // add the controller routing if not existing if (!routeData.Values.ContainsKey("controller") && !routeData.Values.ContainsKey("Controller")) routeData.Values.Add("controller", controller.GetType().Name.ToLower().Replace("controller", "")); controller.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext(wrapper, routeData, controller); return controller; } 

Then to render the View in the Service class:

var stringView = RenderViewToString(CreateController<GenericController>().ControllerContext, "~/Path/To/View/Location/_viewName.cshtml", theViewModel, true); 

you can get the view in string using this way

protected string RenderPartialViewToString(string viewName, object model) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(viewName)) viewName = ControllerContext.RouteData.GetRequiredString("action"); if (model != null) ViewData.Model = model; using (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter()) { ViewEngineResult viewResult = ViewEngines.Engines.FindPartialView(ControllerContext, viewName); ViewContext viewContext = new ViewContext(ControllerContext, viewResult.View, ViewData, TempData, sw); viewResult.View.Render(viewContext, sw); return sw.GetStringBuilder().ToString(); } } 

We can call this method in two way

string strView = RenderPartialViewToString("~/Views/Shared/_Header.cshtml", null) 

OR

var model = new Person() string strView = RenderPartialViewToString("~/Views/Shared/_Header.cshtml", model) 

I am using MVC 1.0 RTM and none of the above solutions worked for me. But this one did:

Public Function RenderView(ByVal viewContext As ViewContext) As String Dim html As String = "" Dim response As HttpResponse = HttpContext.Current.Response Using tempWriter As New System.IO.StringWriter() Dim privateMethod As MethodInfo = response.GetType().GetMethod("SwitchWriter", BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Instance) Dim currentWriter As Object = privateMethod.Invoke(response, BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Instance Or BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, Nothing, New Object() {tempWriter}, Nothing) Try viewContext.View.Render(viewContext, Nothing) html = tempWriter.ToString() Finally privateMethod.Invoke(response, BindingFlags.NonPublic Or BindingFlags.Instance Or BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, Nothing, New Object() {currentWriter}, Nothing) End Try End Using Return html End Function 

I saw an implementation for MVC 3 and Razor from another website, it worked for me:

 public static string RazorRender(Controller context, string DefaultAction) { string Cache = string.Empty; System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder(); System.IO.TextWriter tw = new System.IO.StringWriter(sb); RazorView view_ = new RazorView(context.ControllerContext, DefaultAction, null, false, null); view_.Render(new ViewContext(context.ControllerContext, view_, new ViewDataDictionary(), new TempDataDictionary(), tw), tw); Cache = sb.ToString(); return Cache; } public static string RenderRazorViewToString(string viewName, object model) { ViewData.Model = model; using (var sw = new StringWriter()) { var viewResult = ViewEngines.Engines.FindPartialView(ControllerContext, viewName); var viewContext = new ViewContext(ControllerContext, viewResult.View, ViewData, TempData, sw); viewResult.View.Render(viewContext, sw); return sw.GetStringBuilder().ToString(); } } public static class HtmlHelperExtensions { public static string RenderPartialToString(ControllerContext context, string partialViewName, ViewDataDictionary viewData, TempDataDictionary tempData) { ViewEngineResult result = ViewEngines.Engines.FindPartialView(context, partialViewName); if (result.View != null) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); using (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter(sb)) { using (HtmlTextWriter output = new HtmlTextWriter(sw)) { ViewContext viewContext = new ViewContext(context, result.View, viewData, tempData, output); result.View.Render(viewContext, output); } } return sb.ToString(); } return String.Empty; } } 

More on Razor render- MVC3 View Render to String

Quick tip

For a strongly typed Model just add it to the ViewData.Model property before passing to RenderViewToString. e.g

this.ViewData.Model = new OrderResultEmailViewModel(order); string myString = RenderViewToString(this.ControllerContext, "~/Views/Order/OrderResultEmail.aspx", "~/Views/Shared/Site.Master", this.ViewData, this.TempData); 

To repeat from a more unknown question, take a look at MvcIntegrationTestFramework.

It makes saves you writing your own helpers to stream result and is proven to work well enough. I'd assume this would be in a test project and as a bonus you would have the other testing capabilities once you've got this setup. Main bother would probably be sorting out the dependency chain.

 private static readonly string mvcAppPath = Path.GetFullPath(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + "\\..\\..\\..\\MyMvcApplication"); private readonly AppHost appHost = new AppHost(mvcAppPath); [Test] public void Root_Url_Renders_Index_View() { appHost.SimulateBrowsingSession(browsingSession => { RequestResult result = browsingSession.ProcessRequest(""); Assert.IsTrue(result.ResponseText.Contains("<!DOCTYPE html")); }); } 

Here is a class I wrote to do this for ASP.NETCore RC2. I use it so I can generate html email using Razor.

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Abstractions; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ModelBinding; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Rendering; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewEngines; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing; using System.IO; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace cloudscribe.Web.Common.Razor { /// <summary> /// the goal of this class is to provide an easy way to produce an html string using /// Razor templates and models, for use in generating html email. /// </summary> public class ViewRenderer { public ViewRenderer( ICompositeViewEngine viewEngine, ITempDataProvider tempDataProvider, IHttpContextAccessor contextAccesor) { this.viewEngine = viewEngine; this.tempDataProvider = tempDataProvider; this.contextAccesor = contextAccesor; } private ICompositeViewEngine viewEngine; private ITempDataProvider tempDataProvider; private IHttpContextAccessor contextAccesor; public async Task<string> RenderViewAsString<TModel>(string viewName, TModel model) { var viewData = new ViewDataDictionary<TModel>( metadataProvider: new EmptyModelMetadataProvider(), modelState: new ModelStateDictionary()) { Model = model }; var actionContext = new ActionContext(contextAccesor.HttpContext, new RouteData(), new ActionDescriptor()); var tempData = new TempDataDictionary(contextAccesor.HttpContext, tempDataProvider); using (StringWriter output = new StringWriter()) { ViewEngineResult viewResult = viewEngine.FindView(actionContext, viewName, true); ViewContext viewContext = new ViewContext( actionContext, viewResult.View, viewData, tempData, output, new HtmlHelperOptions() ); await viewResult.View.RenderAsync(viewContext); return output.GetStringBuilder().ToString(); } } } } 

I found a better way to render razor view page when I got error with the methods above, this solution for both web form environment and mvc environment. No controller is needed.

Here is the code example, in this example I simulated a mvc action with an async http handler:

 /// <summary> /// Enables processing of HTTP Web requests asynchronously by a custom HttpHandler that implements the IHttpHandler interface. /// </summary> /// <param name="context">An HttpContext object that provides references to the intrinsic server objects.</param> /// <returns>The task to complete the http request.</returns> protected override async Task ProcessRequestAsync(HttpContext context) { if (this._view == null) { this.OnError(context, new FileNotFoundException("Can not find the mvc view file.".Localize())); return; } object model = await this.LoadModelAsync(context); WebPageBase page = WebPageBase.CreateInstanceFromVirtualPath(this._view.VirtualPath); using (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter()) { page.ExecutePageHierarchy(new WebPageContext(new HttpContextWrapper(context), page, model), sw); await context.Response.Output.WriteAsync(sw.GetStringBuilder().ToString()); } } 

The easiest way for me was:

 public string GetFileAsString(string path) { var html = ""; FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open); using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(fileStream)) { html += reader.ReadLine(); } return html; } 

I use this for emails and make sure that the file only contains CSS and HTML