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enter image description here

The above picture is what I'm attempting to replicate. Below is what I've managed to recreate so far. How would I reduce the vertical space on the Consonants, Vowels, Stops rows and connect the rows Semi vowel through Pure Nasal to the alphabet at the bottom?

\begin{table}[] \centering % \caption{My caption} % \label{my-label} \resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{% \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}% Tighter \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline \multirow{3}{*}{Place of Articulation} & \multicolumn{11}{c|}{Manner of Articulation} \\ \cline{2-12} & \multicolumn{7}{c|}{Consonants} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Vowels} & \vtop{\hbox{\strut Pure}\hbox{\strut Nasal}} \\ \cline{2-11} & \multicolumn{5}{c|}{Stops} & \vtop{\hbox{\strut Semi}\hbox{\strut vowel}\hbox{\strut (voiced)}} & \vtop{\hbox{\strut Sibilant}\hbox{\strut (voiceless)}} & \vtop{\hbox{\strut S}\hbox{\strut h}\hbox{\strut o}\hbox{\strut r}\hbox{\strut t}} & \vtop{\hbox{\strut L}\hbox{\strut o}\hbox{\strut n}\hbox{\strut g}} & Compound \\ \cline{2-6} & \vtop{\hbox{\strut Voiceless}\hbox{\strut non-}\hbox{\strut aspirate}} & \vtop{\hbox{\strut Voiceless}\hbox{\strut aspirate}} & \vtop{\hbox{\strut Voiced}\hbox{\strut non-}\hbox{\strut aspirate}} & \vtop{\hbox{\strut Voiced}\hbox{\strut aspirate}} & \vtop{\hbox{\strut Voiced}\hbox{\strut nasal}} \\ \hline Gutturals & k & kh & g & gh & ṅ & h & & a & ā & e & \\ \cline{1-8} \cline{9-11} Palatals & c & ch & j & jh & ñ & y & & i & ī & & \\ \cline{1-8} \cline{9-10} Cerebrals & ṭ & ṭh & ḍ & ḍh & ṇ & r / l / ḷh & & & & & m \\ \cline{1-8} Dentals & t & th & d & dh & n & l & s & & & & \\ \cline{1-11} Labials & p & ph & b & bh & m & v & & u & ū & o & \\ \hline \end{tabular}} \end{table} 
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  • 1
    Welcome to TeX.SE. Commented Mar 1, 2022 at 21:40
  • Please advise if it's important to render the cell contents (except the header cell contents) in italics by default. Commented Mar 1, 2022 at 22:17
  • Not of particular importance. My gratitude for the thorough answer provided. Commented Mar 4, 2022 at 18:41

3 Answers 3

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I recommend the tabularray package for formatting your table. It provides the \SetCell[r=<nrows>,c=<ncols>] command, which makes creating multirow and multicolumn cells very easy. The first table is very close to what you asked for. The second one is a formatting suggestion of myself. I used the booktabs commands (loaded with \UseTblrLibray{booktabs}) for the horizontal lines and removed all vertical lines since they don't improve the readability. I also added em-dashes for empty entries to give the table a bit for structure.

\documentclass{article} \usepackage[margin=2.4cm]{geometry} \usepackage{rotating} \usepackage{makecell} \settowidth\rotheadsize{{\small Compound}} \newcommand{\NA}{---} \usepackage{tabularray} \UseTblrLibrary{booktabs} \begin{document} \begin{table}[ht] \centering \begin{tblr}{ colspec={l *{11}{c}}, hlines, vlines, row{1-5}={font=\small}, } \SetCell[r=5]{c,h} {Place of \\ Articulation} & \SetCell[c=11]{c} Manner of Articulation \\ & \SetCell[c=7]{c} Consonants &&&&&&& \SetCell[c=3]{c} Vowels &&& \SetCell[r=4]{c,h} {Pure \\ Nasal} \\ & \SetCell[c=5]{c} Stops &&&& & \SetCell[r=3]{c,h} {Semi \\ vowel \\ (voiced)} & \SetCell[r=3]{c,h} {Sibilant \\ (voiceless)} & \SetCell[r=3]{c} \rotcell{Short} & \SetCell[r=3]{c} \rotcell{Long} & \SetCell[r=3]{c} \rotcell{Compound} & \\ & \SetCell[c=2]{c} Voiceless && \SetCell[c=3]{c} Voiced \\ & {non- \\ aspirate} & aspirate & {non- \\ aspirate} & aspirate & nasal \\ Gutturals & k & kh & g & gh & ṅ & h & & a & ā & e & \\ Palatals & c & ch & j & jh & ñ & y & & i & ī & \SetCell[r=3]{} & \\ Cerebrals & ṭ & ṭh & ḍ & ḍh & ṇ & r\,/\,l\,/\,ḷh & & \SetCell[r=2]{} & \SetCell[r=2]{} & & m \\ Dentals & t & th & d & dh & n & l & s & & & & \\ Labials & p & ph & b & bh & m & v & & u & ū & o & \\ \end{tblr} \end{table} \begin{table}[ht] \centering \begin{tblr}{ colspec={@{} l *{11}{c} @{}}, row{1-5}={font=\small}, } \toprule \SetCell[r=5]{h} {Place of \\ Articulation} & \SetCell[c=11]{c} Manner of Articulation \\ \cmidrule[lr]{2-Z} & \SetCell[c=7]{c} Consonants &&&&&&& \SetCell[c=3]{c} Vowels &&& \SetCell[r=4]{h} {Pure \\ Nasal} \\ \cmidrule[lr]{2-8} \cmidrule[lr]{9-11} & \SetCell[c=5]{c} Stops &&&& & \SetCell[r=3]{c,h} {Semi \\ vowel \\ (voiced)} & \SetCell[r=3]{c,h} {Sibilant \\ (voiceless)} & \SetCell[r=3]{c} \rotcell{Short} & \SetCell[r=3]{c} \rotcell{Long} & \SetCell[r=3]{c} \rotcell{Compound} & \\ \cmidrule[lr]{2-6} & \SetCell[c=2]{c} Voiceless && \SetCell[c=3]{c} Voiced \\ \cmidrule[lr]{2-3} \cmidrule[lr]{4-6} & {non- \\ aspirate} & aspirate & {non- \\ aspirate} & aspirate & nasal \\ \midrule Gutturals & k & kh & g & gh & ṅ & h & \NA & a & ā & e & \NA \\ Palatals & c & ch & j & jh & ñ & y & \NA & i & ī & \NA & \NA \\ Cerebrals & ṭ & ṭh & ḍ & ḍh & ṇ & r\,/\,l\,/\,ḷh & \NA & \NA & \NA & \NA & m \\ Dentals & t & th & d & dh & n & l & s & \NA & \NA & \NA & \NA \\ Labials & p & ph & b & bh & m & v & \NA & u & ū & o & \NA \\ \bottomrule \end{tblr} \end{table} \end{document} 

table output

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The following may be reasonably close to what you're looking for.

enter image description here

\documentclass{article} % or some other suitable document class \usepackage{geometry} % set page and text block parameters appropriately \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage{graphicx} % for \rotatebox macro \usepackage{amsmath} % for \smash[b] macro \usepackage{array} % for \extrarowheight macro \usepackage{multirow} % for \multirow macro \newcommand\mytab[1]{\smash[b]{\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}c@{}} #1 \end{tabular}}} \newcommand\mytabx[1]{\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}c@{}} #1 \end{tabular}} \begin{document} \begin{table}[ht] \setlength\tabcolsep{3.75pt} % default value: 6pt \setlength\extrarowheight{2pt} \centering \begin{tabular}{ | l | *{11}{c|} } \hline \mytab{Place of\\Articulation} & \multicolumn{11}{c|}{Manner of Articulation} \\ \cline{2-12} & \multicolumn{7}{c|}{Consonants} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Vowels} & \mytab{Pure\\Nasal} \\ \cline{2-11} & \multicolumn{5}{c|}{Stops} & \mytab{Semi\\vowel\\(voiced)} & \mytab{Sibilant\\(voice-\\less)} & \smash{\rotatebox[origin=tr]{90}{Short}} & \smash{\rotatebox[origin=tr]{90}{Long}} & \smash{\rotatebox[origin=tr]{90}{Compound}} & \\ \cline{2-6} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Voiceless} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Voiced} & & & & & & \\ \cline{2-6} & \mytabx{non-\\aspirate} & aspirate & \mytabx{non-\\aspirate} & aspirate & nasal & & & & & & \\ \hline Gutturals & k & kh & g & gh & ṅ & h & & a & ā & e & \\ \cline{1-8} \cline{9-11} Palatals & c & ch & j & jh & ñ & y & & i & ī & & \\ \cline{1-8} \cline{9-10} Cerebrals & ṭ & ṭh & ḍ & ḍh & ṇ & r\,/\,l\,/\,ḷh & & & & & m \\ \cline{1-8} Dentals & t & th & d & dh & n & l & s & & & & \\ \cline{1-11} Labials & p & ph & b & bh & m & v & & u & ū & o & \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{table} \end{document} 
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With {NiceTabular} of nicematrix.

\documentclass{article} \usepackage{geometry} \usepackage{nicematrix} \begin{document} \begin{table}[ht] \setlength\tabcolsep{3.75pt} % default value: 6pt \setlength\extrarowheight{3pt} \centering \begin{NiceTabular}{l*{11}{c}}[hvlines] \Block[t]{5-1}{Place of\\Articulation} & \Block{1-11}{Manner of Articulation} \\ & \Block{1-7}{Consonants} &&&&&&& \Block{1-3}{Vowels} &&& \Block[t]{4-1}{Pure\\Nasal} \\ & \Block{1-5}{Stops} &&&&& \Block[t]{3-1}{Semi\\vowel\\(voiced)} & \Block[t]{3-1}{Sibilant\\(voice-\\less)} & \Block[B]{3-1}{\rotate \, Short} & \Block[B]{3-1}{\rotate \, Long} & \Block[B]{3-1}{\rotate \, Compound } \\ & \Block{1-2}{Voiceless} && \Block{1-3}{Voiced} \\ & \Block{}{non-\\aspirate} & aspirate & \Block{}{non-\\aspirate} & aspirate & nasal \\ Gutturals & k & kh & g & gh & ṅ & h & & a & ā & e & \\ Palatals & c & ch & j & jh & ñ & y & & i & ī & & \\ Cerebrals & ṭ & ṭh & ḍ & ḍh & ṇ & r\,/\,l\,/\,ḷh & & & & & m \\ Dentals & t & th & d & dh & n & l & s & & & & \\ Labials & p & ph & b & bh & m & v & & u & ū & o & \\ \end{NiceTabular} \end{table} \end{document} 

Output of the above code

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