I'm trying to figure out how the Adobe Illustrator's Inflate effect works. Basically, it converts a vector graphics object to a 3D mesh and displaces its vertices proportionally to how far they are from the object's borders. The resulting mesh's height is also controlled by the Volume parameter, which ranges from 0 to 100%. If I inflate a rectangle with Volume set to 0%, I get the following (flat) mesh: 
I wonder how can I get such a triangulation?
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I believe the method used in Illustrator is described in the following paper:
Repoussé: Automatic Inflation of 2D Artwork
The mesh shown in your example seems to be a fairly regular triangular grid, displaced by the method.
