tl;dr

It's a kernel limitation on the size of the command line argument. Use a for loop instead.

Origin of problem

This is a system issue, related to execve and ARG_MAX constant. There is plenty of documentation about that (see man execve, debian's wiki, ARG_MAX details).

Basically, the expansion produce a command (with its parameters) that exceeds the ARG_MAX limit. On kernel 2.6.23, the limit was set at 128 kB. This constant has been increased and you can get its value by executing:

getconf ARG_MAX # 2097152 # on 3.5.0-40-generic 

Solution: Using for Loop

Use a for loop as it's recommended on BashFAQ/095 and there is no limit except for RAM/memory space:

Dry run to ascertain it will delete what you expect:

for f in *.pdf; do echo rm "$f"; done 

And execute it:

for f in *.pdf; do rm "$f"; done 

Also this is a portable approach as glob have strong and consistant behavior among shells (part of POSIX spec).

Note: As noted by several comments, this is indeed slower but more maintainable as it can adapt more complex scenarios, e.g. where one want to do more than just one action.

Solution: Using find

If you insist, you can use find but really don't use xargs as it "is dangerous (broken, exploitable, etc.) when reading non-NUL-delimited input":

find . -maxdepth 1 -name '*.pdf' -delete 

Using -maxdepth 1 ... -delete instead of -exec rm {} + allows find to simply execute the required system calls itself without using an external process, hence faster (thanks to @chepner comment).

References

• I'm getting "Argument list too long". How can I process a large list in chunks? @ wooledge
• execve(2) - Linux man page (search for ARG_MAX) ;
• Error: Argument list too long @ Debian's wiki ;
• Why do I get “/bin/sh: Argument list too long” when passing quoted arguments? @ SuperUser

find has a -delete action:

find . -maxdepth 1 -name '*.pdf' -delete 

For somone who doesn't have time. Run the following command on terminal.

ulimit -S -s unlimited 

Then perform cp/mv/rm operation.

If you’re trying to delete a very large number of files at one time (I deleted a directory with 485,000+ today), you will probably run into this error:

/bin/rm: Argument list too long. 

The problem is that when you type something like rm -rf *, the * is replaced with a list of every matching file, like “rm -rf file1 file2 file3 file4” and so on. There is a relatively small buffer of memory allocated to storing this list of arguments and if it is filled up, the shell will not execute the program.

To get around this problem, a lot of people will use the find command to find every file and pass them one-by-one to the “rm” command like this:

find . -type f -exec rm -v {} \; 

My problem is that I needed to delete 500,000 files and it was taking way too long.

I stumbled upon a much faster way of deleting files – the “find” command has a “-delete” flag built right in! Here’s what I ended up using:

find . -type f -delete 

Using this method, I was deleting files at a rate of about 2000 files/second – much faster!

You can also show the filenames as you’re deleting them:

find . -type f -print -delete 

…or even show how many files will be deleted, then time how long it takes to delete them:

root@devel# ls -1 | wc -l && time find . -type f -delete 100000 real 0m3.660s user 0m0.036s sys 0m0.552s 

Another answer is to force xargs to process the commands in batches. For instance to delete the files 100 at a time, cd into the directory and run this:

echo *.pdf | xargs -n 100 rm

Or you can try:

find . -name '*.pdf' -exec rm -f {} \; 

you can try this:

for f in *.pdf do rm "$f" done 

EDIT: ThiefMaster comment suggest me not to disclose such dangerous practice to young shell's jedis, so I'll add a more "safer" version (for the sake of preserving things when someone has a "-rf . ..pdf" file)

echo "# Whooooo" > /tmp/dummy.sh for f in '*.pdf' do echo "rm -i \"$f\"" done >> /tmp/dummy.sh 

After running the above, just open the /tmp/dummy.sh file in your favorite editor and check every single line for dangerous filenames, commenting them out if found.

Then copy the dummy.sh script in your working dir and run it.

All this for security reasons.

I'm surprised there are no ulimit answers here. Every time I have this problem I end up here or here. I understand this solution has limitations but ulimit -s 65536 seems to often do the trick for me.

If they are filenames with spaces or special characters, use:

find -name "*.pdf" -delete 

For files in current directory only:

find -maxdepth 1 -name '*.pdf' -delete 

This sentence search all files in the current directory (-maxdepth 1) with extension pdf (-name '*.pdf'), and then, delete.

You could use a bash array:

files=(*.pdf) for((I=0;I<${#files[@]};I+=1000)); do rm -f "${files[@]:I:1000}" done 

This way it will erase in batches of 1000 files per step.

You can use this commend

find -name "*.pdf" -delete 

What about a shorter and more reliable one?

for i in **/*.pdf; do rm "$i"; done 

The rm command has a limitation of files which you can remove simultaneous.

One possibility you can remove them using multiple times the rm command bases on your file patterns, like:

rm -f A*.pdf rm -f B*.pdf rm -f C*.pdf ... rm -f *.pdf 

You can also remove them through the find command:

find . -name "*.pdf" -exec rm {} \; 

Argument list too long

As this question title for cp, mv and rm, but answer stand mostly for rm.

Un*x commands

Read carefully command's man page!

For cp and mv, there is a -t switch, for target:

find . -type f -name '*.pdf' -exec cp -ait "/path to target" {} + 

and

find . -type f -name '*.pdf' -exec mv -t "/path to target" {} + 

Script way

There is an overall workaround used in bash script:

#!/bin/bash folder=( "/path to folder" "/path to anther folder" ) if [ "$1" != "--run" ] ;then exec find "${folder[@]}" -type f -name '*.pdf' -exec $0 --run {} + exit 0; fi shift for file ;do printf "Doing something with '%s'.\n" "$file" done 

Try this also If you wanna delete above 30/90 days (+) or else below 30/90(-) days files/folders then you can use the below ex commands

Ex: For 90days excludes above after 90days files/folders deletes, it means 91,92....100 days

find <path> -type f -mtime +90 -exec rm -rf {} \; 

Ex: For only latest 30days files that you wanna delete then use the below command (-)

find <path> -type f -mtime -30 -exec rm -rf {} \; 

If you wanna giz the files for more than 2 days files

find <path> -type f -mtime +2 -exec gzip {} \; 

If you wanna see the files/folders only from past one month . Ex:

find <path> -type f -mtime -30 -exec ls -lrt {} \; 

Above 30days more only then list the files/folders Ex:

find <path> -type f -mtime +30 -exec ls -lrt {} \; find /opt/app/logs -type f -mtime +30 -exec ls -lrt {} \; 

And another one:

cd /path/to/pdf printf "%s\0" *.[Pp][Dd][Ff] | xargs -0 rm 

printf is a shell builtin, and as far as I know it's always been as such. Now given that printf is not a shell command (but a builtin), it's not subject to "argument list too long ..." fatal error.

So we can safely use it with shell globbing patterns such as *.[Pp][Dd][Ff], then we pipe its output to remove (rm) command, through xargs, which makes sure it fits enough file names in the command line so as not to fail the rm command, which is a shell command.

The \0 in printf serves as a null separator for the file names wich are then processed by xargs command, using it (-0) as a separator, so rm does not fail when there are white spaces or other special characters in the file names.

If you want to remove both files and directories, you can use something like:

echo /path/* | xargs rm -rf 

I was facing same problem while copying from source directory to destination

source directory had files ~3 lakcs

I used cp with option -r and it worked for me

cp -r abc/ def/ 

it will copy all files from abc to def without giving warning of Argument list too long

To delete all *.pdf in a directory /path/to/dir_with_pdf_files/

mkdir empty_dir # Create temp empty dir rsync -avh --delete --include '*.pdf' empty_dir/ /path/to/dir_with_pdf_files/ 

To delete specific files via rsync using wildcard is probably the fastest solution in case you've millions of files. And it will take care of error you're getting.

(Optional Step): DRY RUN. To check what will be deleted without deleting.

rsync -avhn --delete --include '*.pdf' empty_dir/ /path/to/dir_with_pdf_files/ 

Click rsync tips and tricks for more rsync hacks

I had the same problem with a folder full of temporary images that was growing day by day and this command helped me to clear the folder

find . -name "*.png" -mtime +50 -exec rm {} \; 

The difference with the other commands is the mtime parameter that will take only the files older than X days (in the example 50 days)

Using that multiple times, decreasing on every execution the day range, I was able to remove all the unnecessary files

I found that for extremely large lists of files (>1e6), these answers were too slow. Here is a solution using parallel processing in python. I know, I know, this isn't linux... but nothing else here worked.

(This saved me hours)

# delete files import os as os import glob import multiprocessing as mp directory = r'your/directory' os.chdir(directory) files_names = [i for i in glob.glob('*.{}'.format('pdf'))] # report errors from pool def callback_error(result): print('error', result) # delete file using system command def delete_files(file_name): os.system('rm -rf ' + file_name) pool = mp.Pool(12) # or use pool = mp.Pool(mp.cpu_count()) if __name__ == '__main__': for file_name in files_names: print(file_name) pool.apply_async(delete_files,[file_name], error_callback=callback_error) 

You can create a temp folder, move all the files and sub-folders you want to keep into the temp folder then delete the old folder and rename the temp folder to the old folder try this example until you are confident to do it live:

mkdir testit cd testit mkdir big_folder tmp_folder touch big_folder/file1.pdf touch big_folder/file2.pdf mv big_folder/file1,pdf tmp_folder/ rm -r big_folder mv tmp_folder big_folder 

the rm -r big_folder will remove all files in the big_folder no matter how many. You just have to be super careful you first have all the files/folders you want to keep, in this case it was file1.pdf

I only know a way around this. The idea is to export that list of pdf files you have into a file. Then split that file into several parts. Then remove pdf files listed in each part.

ls | grep .pdf > list.txt wc -l list.txt 

wc -l is to count how many line the list.txt contains. When you have the idea of how long it is, you can decide to split it in half, forth or something. Using split -l command For example, split it in 600 lines each.

split -l 600 list.txt 

this will create a few file named xaa,xab,xac and so on depends on how you split it. Now to "import" each list in those file into command rm, use this:

rm $(<xaa) rm $(<xab) rm $(<xac) 

Sorry for my bad english.

I ran into this problem a few times. Many of the solutions will run the rm command for each individual file that needs to be deleted. This is very inefficient:

find . -name "*.pdf" -print0 | xargs -0 rm -rf 

I ended up writing a python script to delete the files based on the first 4 characters in the file-name:

import os filedir = '/tmp/' #The directory you wish to run rm on filelist = (os.listdir(filedir)) #gets listing of all files in the specified dir newlist = [] #Makes a blank list named newlist for i in filelist: if str((i)[:4]) not in newlist: #This makes sure that the elements are unique for newlist newlist.append((i)[:4]) #This takes only the first 4 charcters of the folder/filename and appends it to newlist for i in newlist: if 'tmp' in i: #If statment to look for tmp in the filename/dirname print ('Running command rm -rf '+str(filedir)+str(i)+'* : File Count: '+str(len(os.listdir(filedir)))) #Prints the command to be run and a total file count os.system('rm -rf '+str(filedir)+str(i)+'*') #Actual shell command print ('DONE') 

This worked very well for me. I was able to clear out over 2 million temp files in a folder in about 15 minutes. I commented the tar out of the little bit of code so anyone with minimal to no python knowledge can manipulate this code.

I have faced a similar problem when there were millions of useless log files created by an application which filled up all inodes. I resorted to "locate", got all the files "located"d into a text file and then removed them one by one. Took a while but did the job!

I solved with for

I am on macOS with zsh

I moved thousands only jpg files. Within mv in one line command.

Be sure there are no spaces or special characters in the name of the files you are trying to move

for i in $(find ~/old -type f -name "*.jpg"); do mv $i ~/new; done 

If you want to pass the glob pattern to a bash script, pass it as a string

script.sh "**/*.pdf" 

and enable glob patterns in the script shopt -s extglob globstar

#!/bin/bash shopt -s extglob globstar for file in $1; do ... done 

This should be relevant: I found that I am getting "Argument list too long" for something like this:

find /some/very/long/path/my-directory -type f | wc -l 

But NOT "Argument list too long" if I first cd into directory:

cd /some/very/long/path; find my-directory -type f | wc -l 

Because the total output is shorter when printed path is shorter.

/some/very/long/path/my-directory/file.txt vs my-directory/file.txt 

A bit safer version than using xargs, also not recursive: ls -p | grep -v '/$' | grep '\.pdf$' | while read file; do rm "$file"; done

Filtering our directories here is a bit unnecessary as 'rm' won't delete it anyway, and it can be removed for simplicity, but why run something that will definitely return error?