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I run Xephyr:Xephyr -ac -screen 1024x768 -br -reset -terminate 2> /dev/null :1 & and then I can run there some window:

export DISPLAY=:1 xterm &

When I check xorg processes ps ax | grep xorg I only see one xorg process but Xephyr also runs Xserver so why it is not visible ?

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    ps ax | grep xorg will match the command line like /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg :0 ..... What makes you believe that the command line you are running (Xephyr -ac ...) should match xorg despite not containing the xorg string anywhere? Commented Jan 1, 2019 at 13:31
  • I have thought that Xephyr runs a host xorg imeplementation but it looks like the Xephyr implements server protocol internally. Commented Jan 1, 2019 at 16:46
  • Xorg and Xephyr share most of their code and are built from the same source, but ps ax will still print just the command line (the same thing you can get withtr '\0' ' ' </proc/PID/cmdline on linux). Commented Jan 1, 2019 at 17:38
  • Actually, you can replace Xvfb (the "dumb framebuffer" Xserver) with stock Xorg + xf86-video-dummy driver, but I don't think if you can do the same with Xorg + xf86-video-nested on a stock distro. Example for xf86-video-dummy: echo 'Section "Device" Identifier "dummy" Driver "dummy" EndSection' | PATH=/usr/lib/xorg:$PATH Xorg -config /dev/stdin :3 Commented Jan 1, 2019 at 17:45

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