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Arduino programming 101
This document provides an introduction and overview of Arduino programming. It discusses the Arduino IDE software, how Arduino code is executed sequentially in single threads, how source code is compiled to machine code. It also covers basic concepts like the structure of an Arduino sketch with setup() and loop() functions, how to describe programs with pseudocode, common data types, arithmetic and comparison operators, control structures like if/else and loops, and switch statements.
Arduino programming 101
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- 2. 2 ArduinoIDE https://www.arduino.cc/en/main/software Free Mac, Windows, and Linux
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- 4. 4 SingleThreadSequential Only processone command at a time Starts at the top One command after another <command> <command> <command> A Thread
- 5. 5 MachineCode 01000011 01100001 01101110 0010000001001001 00100000 01100111 01100101 01110100 00100000 01100001 00100000 01101000 01101111 01101100 01101100 01100001 00100001 Source Code Machine Code C O M P I L E R
- 6. 6 Code in setup()executes once Code in loop() executes repeatedly
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- 8. 8 BlinkExample Start Make pin 13 output Turnpin 13 ON Wait 0.5 s Turn pin 13 OFF Wait 0.5 s
- 9. 9 PseudoCode setup() { set pin13 as output } loop() { turn LED on wait 500ms turn LED off wait 500ms } Description of what a program should do expressed in plain language
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- 14. 14 Identifiers Names usedto identify or label • Functions • Variables • Some other user defined item Only use • Lower case letters • Upper case letters • Underscore “_” MyLED_3 My LED&3 ✓ ✗
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- 16. 16 Datatypes& Keywords int =integer my_number = ~identifier equal = assignment 3 = value assigned int my_number = 3
- 17. 17 CommonDatatypes int =number float = decimal number long = decimal numbers and scientific notation char = ASCI / characthers unassigned int / long / char = positive integers and 0 string = sequence of characters
- 18. 18 ArithmeticOperators = (Assignment) + (Addition) - (Subtraction) * (Multiplication) / (Division) % (Modulo) divides 2 numbers and returns the remainder
- 19. 19 ArithmeticOperators Follows standardorder of operations • Parentheses Left to Right • Multiplication and Division Left to Right • Addition and Subtraction Left to right
- 20. 20 ComparisonOperators == (equalto) != (not equal to) < (less than) > (greater than) <= (less than or equal to) >= (greater than or equal to)
- 21. 21 CompoundOperators Syntax Meaning Example a+= b a = a + b a += 3 a -= b a = a - b a -= 3 a *= b a = a * b a *= 3 a /= b a = a / b a /= 3 a %= b a = a % b a %= 3 a ++ a = a + 1 a ++ a-- a = a - 1 a--
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- 23. 23 ControlStructure for if else do while while switch AKA Conditional Statements
- 24. 24 ComparativeOperators Control isoften result of a condition. e.g. • true = 1 • false = 0
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- 27. 27 WhileLoops while ( somecondition is true ) { do something }
- 28. 28 FlowDiagram Start Print “Hello” is i <3 ? i = 0 true false i = i + 1 Print “Done” loop()
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- 30. 30 DoWhileLoops do { do something }while ( some condition is true );
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- 32. 32 SwitchCase if ( var== 0) { do something } if ( var == 1) { do something } Useful when you have more than 1 value to compare and wish to execute code based on some value. Break keyword used to exit the case when code is done.
- 33. 33 SwitchCase switch ( var) { case 0: do something when var equal to 0 break ; case 1: do something when var equal to 1 break ; }
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