Programming language and process

Programming language and process

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  Programming language and Programming process Presentedby:- Girdhar Ratne B.Sc.[I.T.](1st semester)
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  ❖ What isa Computer Program ❖ Evolution of Programming Language ❖ Syntax ❖ Categories of Programming Language ➢ Machine Language ➢ Assembly Language ➢ High Level Language ❖ Types of Operator ❖ System development life cycle for programming Contents
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  What is acomputer program? ❏ A computer program is a set of instructions or statements (or code) to be carried out by the computer’s C.P.U. Programming:- Programming can be a complex process; it requires training, planning, and some specialized tools. Tools = Language + Utility program(code generator, graphics editor, debuggers, etc.
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  ➢ Programming tools:-The software and language used to develop applications. ➢ Programming process:- The step-by-step procedures that programmers follow to ensure consistent, well-developed products.
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  The Evolution ofProgramming Languages Evolution of programming language started from 1950s. ❖ Provide information in a certain order and structure. ❖ Use special symbols. ❖ Use punctuation(sometimes).
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  ➔ The setof rules that defines the combinations of symbols that are considered to be a correctly structured document or fragment in that language. ➔ If the syntax is not correct, the compiler or interpreter will issue errors and warnings and will not be able understand the source code. Syntax
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  ⮚Machine language ⮚Assembly language ⮚High-levellanguage Categories of Programming Language
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  ● Machine languagesis that language which is understand by a computer directly. ● It is most fundamental language. ● It represents all the data and instructions as binary number sequence in 0s and 1s. ● The response time of machine level programs is very fast or immediate. Machine Language
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  OPCODE (Operation Code) OPERAND (Address/Location) ★ OPCODEmeans operation code that tells the computer what function to perform. ★ OPERAND that tells where to find or store the data on which computer has to perform the function. 0010110110010101011010 11101010001001110101011 011010001001001110010 1101010001010111010101 0001010101111001010111 Machine code
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  1. Machine dependent, 2.Difficult to program, 3. Error prone, 4. Difficult to modify. Advantages and Limitations of Machine Language:-
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  Assembly Language ● Itis the language which represents the frequently used commands and memory location using mnemonic names. ● To convert the source file into object code, the developers uses a special translator program, called as assembler.
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  Advantages of AssemblyLanguage ❑ Easier to understand and use. ❑ Easier to locate and correct errors. ❑ Easier to modify. ❑ No worry about addresses. ❑ Easily relocatable. ❑ Efficiency of machine languages. Limitations:- ▪ Machine dependent. ▪ Knowledge of hardware required. ▪ Machine level coding.
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  High-Level Language ❖ Higher-levellanguages were developed to make programming easier. To express computer operations, these language use operators. ❖ As a result, people can read, write, and understand computer programs much more easily when using a high- level language.
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  Types of Operator AR L A I C B S A = Arithmetic operator R = Rational operator L = Logical operator A = Assignment operator I = Increment and Decrement operator C = Conditional operator B = Bitwise operator S = Special operator
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  Systems :- Asystem is a way of doing things. Programs are the building blocks of information systems. ➔ It is created. ➔ It has a useful life. ➔ It gets old and retires when no longer useful. ➔ A new system is then created and the steps are repeated. Systems Development life cycle for Programming
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