Just use your current query as an inline view, and use the rows from that just like it was from a table.
e.g.
SELECT t.Count AS `duplicated` , COUNT(1) AS `count` FROM ( SELECT sku, COUNT(1) AS `Count` FROM products GROUP BY sku ) t GROUP BY t.Count
MySQL refers to an inline view as a "derived table", and that name makes sense, when we understand how MySQL actually processes that. MySQL runs that inner query, and creates a temporary MyISAM table; once that is done, MySQL runs the outer query, using the temporary MyISAM table. (You'll see that if you run an EXPLAIN on the query.)
Above, I left your query just as you formatted it; I'd tend to reformat your query, so that entire query looks like this:
SELECT t.Count AS `duplicated' , COUNT(1) AS `count` FROM ( SELECT p.sku , COUNT(1) AS `Count` FROM products p GROUP BY p.sku ) t GROUP BY t.Count
(Just makes it easier for me to see the inner query, and easier to extract it and run it separately. And qualifying all column references (with a table alias or table name) is a best practice.)
select group_concat(sku), Count from (...your other query...) group by count